The game has two different Maps. With the exception of Special Ops and Skull Ops, all sites where Battles take place have set coordinates translating to a specific Map location.
The Global Map shows the location of Bases, Resource Caches, Black Sites, and Alliance HQs. You can find any physical location on the Map by entering its coordinates, and then interact with it by tapping on it.
The Global Map also shows your Squads and the Squads of other Commanders moving to and from their destinations. By tapping on the moving vehicle, you can find out where the Squad is travelling to and what type of mission they are going to carry out.
You can access the Alliance Map by tapping on the Alliance Map icon in the bottom left of the Map screen. On this larger-scale Map, the only objects shown are Black Sites and Alliance HQs. However, this Map also shows the territory controlled by each Alliance.